calculate angular distance (in degrees and minutes) and distance (in kilometres) between two places on Earth on the same meridian using D = 111.2 × angular distance
3.4.1.7
calculate angular distance (in degrees and minutes) and distance (in kilometres) between two places on Earth on the same parallel of latitude using D = 111.2 cos(θ) × angular distance
3.4.1.8
calculate distances between two places on Earth, using appropriate technology